Articles and Chapters

A. Recent and Miscellaneous

"Continuity and Change in United States Trade Policy: 1980-2006," revised (September 2006) version of a paper prepared for the Seminar: Comparative Trade Policy: Organizational Models and Performance, sponsored by the Brazilian Institute for International Trade Negotiations (ICONE), the Economic Research Foundation of the University of Sao Paulo (FIPE), and the United Kingdom Department of International Development (DFID), held in Sao Paulo, Brazil on August 7, 2006. [Table 1] [Table 2] [Table 3] [Figure 1]

"Constant Ends, Flexible Means: C. Fred Bergsten and the Quest for Open Trade," draft chapter, co-authored with Marcus Noland, for festschrift volume in honor of C. Fred Bergsten, Michael Mussa, editor (IIE, forthcoming).

"Rules of Origin and US trade policy," pp. 173-87 in The Origin of Goods: Rules of Origin in Preferential Trade Agreements
(Oxford University Press and Center for Economic Policy Research [CEPR], Oxford and London, 2006). Edited by Olivier Cadot, Antoni Estevadeordal, Akiko Suwa and Thierry Verdier.

"US Trade Politics During the Doha Round," Draft Chapter 6 in Isabel Studer and Carol Wise, Reflections on North American Integration: NAFTA, FTAA, and the Doha Round (Flacso: Mexico City, forthcoming 2006).

"The Political Economy of a Korea-U.S. FTA," Chapter V in Junkyu Lee and Hongshik Lee, Feasibility and Economic Effects of a Korea-U.S. FTA, Korea Institute of International Economic Policy (KIEP), 2006. Original, broader analysis is Free Trade Across the Pacific: The Political Economy of a Korea-US FTA, Draft Report prepared for KIEP, October 23, 2005.

"The Power Brokers: An Uneven History of the National Security Council," Foreign Affairs, Sept-Oct 2005, pp. 155-60, review of David Rothkopf, Running the World: The Inside Story of the National Security Council and the Architects of American Power. (http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20050901fareviewessay84513/i-m-destler/the-power-brokers.html)

"US Trade Politics During the Doha Round," Draft Chapter 6 in Isabel Studer and Carol Wise, Reflections on North American Integration: NAFTA, FTAA, and the Doha Round (Flacso: Mexico City, forthcoming 2006).

“Reagan’s Greatest Failure Holds a Lesson for Bush,” Financial Times, June 10, 2004 (co-authored with Ivo Daalder).

"Will Reorganization Make Americans Safer," Paper for Colloquium on Border Control and Homeland Security, Rutgers University at Newark, April 23, 2003.

"Advisors, Czars and Councils: Organizing for Homeland Security," The National Interest, summer 2002, pp. 66-78 (co-authored with Daalder)

"Behind America's Frontlines: Organizing to Protect the Homeland," Brookings Review, Summer 2002, pp. 17-19 (co-authored with Daalder).

"Reorganize Effort to Secure Homeland," Baltimore Sun, May 12, 2002, joint with Daalder.

"Prepared Statement for Hearing, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs, Organizing for Homeland Security, April 11, 2002, joint with Daalder.

"The First Line of Ridge's Defense," The Washington Times, March 20, 2002, joint with Daalder.

"Enhancing Homeland Security: Organizational Options," Draft Paper Prepared for The Century Foundation, February 2002 (co-authored with Ivo H. Daalder)..

"Executive-Congressional Collaboration for Trade Liberalization, OR Games Free Traders Play," draft paper presented to Murphy Institute Conference on the Political Economy of Policy Reform, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 9, 2001. This paper discusses how less-than-pure arguments are employed by members of Congress who seek to advance the cause of trade liberalization while limiting their political exposure.

"How NOT to Reorganize for Homeland Security," The Hill, November 7, 2001 (co-authored with Ivo H. Daalder).

"The Reasonable Public and the Polarized Policy Process," in Anthony Lake and David Ochmanek, editors, The Real and The Ideal: Essays on International Relations in Honor of Richard H. Ullman (Rowman & Littlefield [for the Council on Foreign Relations], 2001), pp. 75-90. Posted with permission of the publisher.

"Foreword" to Susan Ariel Aaronson, Taking Trade to the Streets: The LOST HISTORY of Public Efforts to Shape Globalization (University of Michigan Press, 2001).

"How Operational and Visible an NSC," Brookings Institution website, February 23, 2001 (co-authored with Ivo H. Daalder).

"Congress and Foreign Policy at Century's End: Requiem on Cooperation?" in Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer, editors, Congress Reconsidered, 7th edition, (CQ Press, 2001), pp. 315-333.

"A New NSC for a New Administration, Policy Brief, Brookings Institution, November 2000 (co-authored with Ivo H. Daalder).

"US Trade Policymaking: Organizational Options," essay prepared for U.S. Trade Deficit Review Commission, June 2000.

"Policy Analysis: Bridging Two Worlds," Paper for presentation at conference on "Democratization of Poltical Process and Prospects for Development of Public Policy Institute in the Republic of Kazakhstan," 11-12 November 1999, Almaty, Kazakhstan, sponsored by the Soros Foundation-Kazakhstan and the Eurasia Foundation.

"U.S. Trade Governance in the New Global Economy," in Susan Collins, editor, Brookings Trade Policy Forum 1999, pp. 37-62.

"Trade Policy at a Crossroads," in Henry J. Aaron and Robert D. Reischauer, editors, Setting National Priorities: The 2000 Election and Beyond (Brookings Institution, 1999), pp. 73-95. (See also Brookings Review, Winter 1999, pp. 26-30.)

"U.S. Foreign Policy: What Do Americans Want?" Chronicle of Higher Education, September 3, 1999, pp. B4-B5 (w. Steven Kull).

"The Myth of the 'Electoral Lock,' Political Science and Politics, September 1996, pp. 491-94. (See also "Update on the 'Electoral Lock' Myth," PS, March 1997, p. 7.)

"U.S. Approach to International Competition Policy," in Robert Z. Lawrence, editor, Brookings Trade Policy Forum 1998, pp. 395-418.

"Congress and Foreign Trade," in Robert A. Pastor and Rafael Fernandez de Castro, editors, The Controversial Pivot: The U.S. Congress and North America (Brookings Institution Press, 1998), pp. 121-46.

"Fast Track: Options for the Process," in Jeffrey J. Schott, editor, Restarting Fast Track (Institute for International Economics, April 1998), pp. 41-52.

"Constituencies, Congress, and US Trade Policy," in Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern, Constituent Interests and U.S. Trade Policies (University of Michigan Press, 1998), pp. 93-108.

"Foreign Economic Policymaking Under Bill Clinton," in James M. Scott, editor, After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World, (Duke University Press, 1998), pp. 89-107.

"Trade Politics and Labor Issues: 1953-95," in Susan M. Collins, editor, Imports, Exports, and the American Worker (Brookings Institution, 1998), pp. 389-408.

"Getting Back on Track," The New Democrat, January/February 1998, pp. 17-18.

"The Need for Fast-Track Authority," Testimony before the Subcommittee on Trade, House Committee on Ways and Means, September 30, 1997, in Implementation of Fast Track Trade Authority, Serial 105-65 (GPO, 1999), pp. 107-111, 128.

"American Trade Politics in the Wake of the Uruguay Round," in Jeffrey J. Schott, editor, The World Trading System: Challenges Ahead, Institute for International Economics, 1996, pp. 115-24.

"The WTO: A Modest Step on a Long Road," Testimony before the Subcommittee on Trade, House Committee on Ways and Means, March 13, 1996

"Comment" on "The MFA Paradox: More Protection and More Trade?" in Anne O. Krueger, editor, The Political Economy of American Trade Policy (University of Chicago Press for the National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996), pp. 256-59.

"Renewing and Reforming 'Fast Track,'" Testimony before Joint House Hearing on Fast Track Issues, Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade and Rules Subcommittee on Rules and Organization of the House, Ways and Means Serial 104-22, May 17, 1995, pp. 232-37.

"Delegating Trade Policy," in Paul E. Peterson, editor, The President, Congress, and the Making of Foreign Policy, Oklahoma University Press, 1994, pp. 228-45.

"Comments" in Berhanu Abegaz et al, editors, The Challenge of European Integration: Internal and External Problems of Trade and Money, Westview Press, 1994, pp. 63-66.

"Foreign Policy Making with the Economy at Center Stage," in Yankelovich and Destler, editors, Beyond the Beltway, 1994, pp. 27-43.

"U. S. Trade Policy-making in the Eighties," in Alberto Alesina and Geoffrey Carliner, editors, Politics and Economics in the Eighties, University of Chicago Press (for the National Bureau of Economic Research), 1991, pp. 251-81.

"Comment," in Robert Z. Lawrence and Charles Schultze, editors, An American Trade Strategy: Options for the 1990s, Brookings Institution, 1990, pp. 207-214.

"Comment," in Jagdish Bhagwati and Hugh Patrick, editors, Aggressive Unilateralism, University of Michigan Press, 1990, pp. 181-85.

"Bush's Boys: International Economic Policymaking in the Bush Administration," The International Economy, March/April 1989, pp. 38-41.

"From Neglect to Activism: American Politics and the 1985 Plaza Accord," Journal of Public Policy, Volume 8, Parts 3/4: July-December 1988, pp. 317-33. (co-authored with C. Randall Henning).

"United States Trade Policymaking in the Uruguay Round," in Henry R. Nau, editor, Domestic Trade Politics and the Uruguay Round, Columbia University Press, 1989, pp. 191-207.

"Wait Awhile on the Trade Deficit," Washington Post, December 2, 1986.

"Protecting Congress or Protecting Trade?" Foreign Policy, Spring 1986, pp. 96-107.

"The Presidency, the Congress, and International Trade," Rotunda lecture, University of Virginia, published in Kenneth W. Thompson, editor, To Form or Preserve a Government: The Presidency, Congress, and Political Discourse, University Press of America, 1987, pp. 65-82.

"Trade Adjustment and the American Political Environment," paper prepared for project on Domestic Adjustment and International Trade, Institute for International Economics, December 1984.

"The Budget Deficit and American Foreign Relations," Paper presented to Donald S. McNaughton Symposium on "What Should Be Done About the Federal Deficit," Maxwell School, Syracuse University, May 1984, pp. 95-102.

"Protectionism and Election-Year Politics: Why Reagan Is a Free-Trade Villain," The New York Times, Sunday Business Section, March 18, 1984.

"United States Congress and the Tokyo Round: Lessons of a Success Story," The World Economy, June 1980, pp. 53-70 (co-authored with Thomas R. Graham).

"Trade Reorganization: Leading from Strength," Testimony before House Committee on Ways and Means, September 7, 1979.

"United States Trade Policymaking During the 'Tokyo Round,'" in Michael Blaker, editor, The Politics of Trade: U.S. and Japanese Policymaking for the GATT Negotiations, East Asian Institute, Columbia University, 1978.

"'Reforming' Trade Politics: The Weakness of Ways and Means," Washington Post, November 28, 1978.

"United States Food Policy 1972-1976: Reconciling Domestic and International Objectives," International Organization, Summer 1978, pp. 617-53.

"The Economic Policy Group and Short-Term Social Security Financing," an analysis prepared for the President's Reorganization Project, June 1977, and incorporated in that project's Decision Analysis Report.

"Congress and Trade Policy: Is the Game Changing?", 1983. "Protection for Congress? The Politics of Trade Policy," 1978; Papers prepared for the Carnegie Endowment Project on Executive-Congressional Relations.

"Political Change in the United States and Its Impact on U.S.-Japan Relations," in Chihiro Hosoya and Tomohita Shinoda, editors, Redefining the Partnership: The United States and Japan in East Asia (University Press of America, 1998), pp. 29-42.

"US-Japan Leadership-Sharing on Economic Policy," in Hideo Sato and I. M. Destler, editors (in collaboration with David P. Rapkin), Leadership Sharing in the New International System: Japan and the United States (University of Tsukuba: Special Research Project on the New International System, September 1996), pp. 71-97.

"The Budget Deficit, the Trade Deficit, and Japan," Testimony before the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, March 20, 1996

"'Not-So-Super 301' and Other Challenges to U.S.-Japan Trade," Commentary in Japan Economic Survey, May 1994, pp. 6-9.

"U.S. Policy Toward Japan" (co-authored with Michael Nacht), pp. 289-314 in U.S. Foreign Policy: The Search for a New Role, edited by Robert J. Art and Seyom Brown (Macmillan, 1993). (See also "Beyond Mutual Recrimination: Building a Solid U.S.-Japan Relationship in the 1990s," International Security, Winter 1990/91, pp. 92-119.)

"Okinawa Reversion as a Turning Point in Postwar U.S.-Japan Relations," in Commemorative Events for the Twentieth Anniversary of the Reversion of Okinawa, Seminar: Okinawa Reversion, May 13-14, 1992, pp. 21-24.

"A Troubled Relationship," "For George Bush, Success Begins Abroad," "Japan and Global Leadership," "A Downward Spiral," "The Deficit Impasse," and "True and False Lessons from Okinawa Reversion": columns published in Sekai Shuho, ("World Weekly," Jiji Press, Tokyo), 9/17/91, 11/19/91, 1/14-21/92, 3/17/92, 5/26/92, and 7/28/92.

"The United States and Japan: What Is New?" paper presented to 32nd Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, Vancouver, March 1991.

Japanese Investment and Technology Transfer: An Exploration of its Impact: Report of a Workshop, Committee on Japan, National Academy of Sciences, February 22, 1991.

"Japan-U.S. Relations: The 1980s and Beyond," in Carl F. Holtfrerich, editor, Economic and Strategic Issues in U.S. Foreign Policy, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1989, pp. 51-63.

"Can We Get Out of [the US-Japan] Trade Mess?" Los Angeles Times, April 2, 1987.

"Japan and America: Two Transitions," Newsweek Japan, July 10, 1986, pp. 62-63.

"The Wrong Approach to Japanese Trade," Washington Post, March 16, 1983.

"How Not to Negotiate: Some Thoughts on Our Current Trade Flap with Japan," in U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee, Government Decision-Making in Japan: Implications for the U.S., 1982, pp. 89-100.

"Locomotives on Different Tracks: Japanese-American Macro-Diplomacy, 1977-1979" (co-authored with Hisao Mitsuyu), in Destler and Sato, Coping with U.S.-Japanese Economic Conflicts, 1982, pp. 243-69.

"United States-Japanese Relations and the American Trade Initiative of 1977: Was This Trip Necessary?" in William J. Barnds, editor, Japan and the United States: Challenges and Opportunities, New York University Press (for the Council on Foreign Relations), 1979, pp. 190-230.

"Is History Repeating? The 1969-71 Textile Dispute and the Current Trade Crisis," Chuo Koron, April 1978 (in Japanese), pp. 86-99.

"Trading with Japan: A Repeat of History?" Washington Post, December 31, 1977.

"Sato's Textile Diplomacy," two-article series in Asahi Journal, Tokyo, July 1 and 8, 1977 (in Japanese, co-authored with Haruhiro Fukui and Hideo Sato).

"Country Expertise and U.S. Foreign Policymaking: The Case of Japan," Pacific Community, July 1974, pp. 546-64. (Brookings reprint 298.) Published in expanded form in Morton A. Kaplan and Kinhide Mushakoji, eds., Japan, American, and the Future World Order, 1976.

"Many Constituencies Influence U.S. Foreign Policy-Making," in U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda, An Electronic Journal of the U.S.Information Agency, May 1996, pp. 29-31.

"Foreign Policy and the Public: Will Leaders Catch the Full Message?" The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Winter/Spring 1996, pp. 265-70.

"A Government Divided: The Security Complex and the Economic Complex," in David A. Deese, editor, The New Politics of American Foreign Policy, St. Martin's Press, 1994, pp. 132-47.

"The Department of State and Non-Geographic Issues," Testimony before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on International Operations, February 23, 1993.

"Managing the Washington Foreign Policy Process: Options for a New Administration," in David H. Popper, editor, Adapting American Diplomacy to the Demands of the 1990s, The American Academy of Diplomacy, 1989, pp. 111-21.

"The National Security Council: Basic Options," paper prepared for the Presidential Transition Project, Center for Strategic and International Studies, July 1988.

"The Presidency: The Autonomy Problem," essay prepared for publication by Project '87, American Political Science Association and American Historical Association, July 1988.

"Reagan and the World: An 'Awesome Stubbornness,'" in Charles O. Jones, editor, The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance, Chatham, N.J.: Chatham House, 1988, pp. 241-61.

"Staffing the White House for Foreign Policy," in Kenneth W. Thompson, editor, Discourse on Policy-Making: American Foreign Policy, University Press of America, 1987, pp. 31-49.

"The Presidency and National Security Organization," in Norman A. Graebner, editor, The National Security: Its Theory and Practice, 1945-1960, Oxford University Press, 1986, pp. 226-42.

"State: A Department or 'Something More?'" in Duncan L. Clarke, editor, United States Defense and Foreign Policy: Policy Coordination and Integration, JAI Press, 1985, pp. 93-108.

"The Evolution of Reagan Foreign Policy," in Fred I. Greenstein, ed., The Reagan Presidency: An Early Assessment, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983, pp. 117-58.

"Controlling Arms and the Men," New York Times, February 15, 1983 (co-authored with Robert H. Johnson).

"Our Secretary of State Problem," Baltimore Sun, July 2, 1982.

"National Security: The Rise of the Assistant," in Hugh Heclo and Lester M. Salamon, editors, The Illusion of Presidential Government, Westview Press (for the National Academy of Public Administration), 1981, pp. 263-85. (See also Political Science Quarterly, Winter 1980-81, pp. 573-88.)

"Reorganization: When and How?" and "Implementing Reorganization," in Peter L. Szanton, ed., Federal Reorganization: What Have We Learned?, Chatham House, 1981, pp. 114-30 and 155-70.

Testimony on "The National Security Adviser: Role and Accountability," before Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, April 17, 1980.

"A Job That Doesn't Work," Foreign Policy, Spring 1980, pp. 80-88.

"National Security Advice to U.S. Presidents: Some Lessons from Thirty Years," World Politics, January 1977, pp. 143-76. (Brookings reprint 323.)

"Developing Better Specialists and Executives--AGAIN? Obstacles to the Implementation of Personnel Reforms in the State Department," final report on a congn Service Journal, September 1971, pp. 26 ff.

"Yes, A Fudge Factor," Washington Post, May 19, 1998 (with Ivo H. Daalder).

"On The Domestic Front," in Ivo H. Daalder et al, "Reversing the Arms Race: The Bush-Gorbachev Initiatives on Nuclear Weapons," Center for International Security Studies at Maryland: CISSM Commentaries, No. 4, 1991, pp. 8-9.

"The Congressional Voice in Foreign Affairs," in Uwe Thaysen, Roger H. Davidson, and Robert Gerald Livingston, editors, The U.S. Congress and the German Bundestag: Comparisons of Democratic Processes, Westview Press (for the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies), 1990, pp. 381-94. [German edition published in 1988 by Westdeutscher Verlag]

"Congress, Defense and the Foreign Policy Process: The AWACS Sale to Saudi Arabia," in Robert E. Hunter, Wayne L. Berman, and John F. Kennedy, eds., Making Government Work: From White House to Congress, Westview Press (for the Center for Strategic and International Studies), 1986, pp. 179-94.

"The Constitution and Foreign Affairs," News for Teachers of Political Science, Spring 1985, pp. 14 ff.

"Executive-Congressional Conflict in Foreign Policy: Explaining It, Coping With It," in Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer, eds., Congress Reconsidered, third edition, Congressional Quarterly Press, 1985, pp. 343-64.

"Congress" in Joseph S. Nye, Jr., editor, The Making of America's Soviet Policy, Yale University Press (for the Council on Foreign Relations), 1984, pp. 37-61.

"The Elusive Consensus: Congress and Central America," in Robert S. Leiken, editor, Central America: Anatomy of Conflict, Pergamon International (for the Carnegie Endowment), 1984, pp. 319-35.

"Congress and Reagan's Foreign Policy," The Washington Quarterly, Winter 1984, pp. 91-101 (co-authored with Eric R. Alterman).

"Dateline Washington: Life After the Veto," Foreign Policy, Fall 1983, pp. 181-86.

"Defense Dollars: Squeezing for the Long Term," Los Angeles Times, December 15, 1982 (co-authored with Pat Towell).

"Congress Swings on Central American Policy," Foreign Service Journal, Ju.y/August 1982, pp. 19-21, 38 (co-authored with Patricia Cohen)

"Reagan, Congress, and Foreign Policy in 1981," in Norman Ornstein, editor, President and Congress: Assessing Reagan's First Year, American Enterprise Institute, 1982, pp. 66-88. (See also The Washington Quarterly, Spring 1982, pp. 3-15).

"Unruly, Fragmented Congress Wears Down President's Foreign Policy," Los Angeles Times, October 25, 1981.

"AWACS: The Early Warning Was Loud and Clear," Washington Post, October 25, 1981.

"Dateline Washington: Congress as Boss?" Foreign Policy, Spring 1981, pp. 167-80.

"Trade Consensus; SALT Stalemate: Congress and Foreign Policy in the Seventies," in Thomas Mann and Norman Ornstein, eds., The New Congress, American Enterprise Institute, 1981, pp. 329-59.

"Foreign Policy Begins at Home," AEI Foreign Policy and Defense Review, September-October 1980, pp. 8-11.

"Treaty Troubles: Versailles in Reverse," Foreign Policy, Winter 1978-79, pp. 45-65.

"A Reverse Pendulum in Executive-Congressional Relations?" 1982; "SALT II and the Senate," 1978 and 1979;"Congress and Foreign Policy Staffs: The Best as Enemy of the Good?" 1979; "Learning from Panama," 1978---Papers prepared for the Carnegie Endowment Project on Executive-Congressional Relations.